{"id":1713,"date":"2026-10-23T13:46:57","date_gmt":"2026-10-23T11:46:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/demensklinik.dk\/knowledge-and-research\/"},"modified":"2026-11-06T09:37:19","modified_gmt":"2026-11-06T08:37:19","slug":"knowledge-and-research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/demensklinik.dk\/en\/knowledge-and-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Knowledge and Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1713\" class=\"elementor elementor-1713 elementor-1517\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a90bef6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a90bef6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edd5886 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"edd5886\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4addbe8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4addbe8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7842eff e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"7842eff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"126103295\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1261032951\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1261032951\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1261032951\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t What is Dementia\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1261032952\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1261032952\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1261032952\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTPS: CE Approval and What the Research Shows\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1261032951\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1261032951\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-d93752b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d93752b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60bb4c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60bb4c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9863d01 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9863d01\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">Dementia is an umbrella term for conditions where brain disease leads to an impairment of cognitive (= mental) functions to such an extent that it affects daily functioning.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">Therefore, when we talk about dementia, we are not referring to one specific disease. Dementia encompasses a heterogeneous group of conditions with different causes, symptoms, and disease progressions. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">Cognitive functions include memory, language, attention, planning, problem-solving, and spatial orientation. In dementia, one or more of these functions are affected so significantly that the person finds it more difficult to manage daily activities independently. <\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">Dementia often develops gradually over years, but both the initial symptoms and the rate at which the disease progresses can vary considerably. <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">[1, 3]<\/span><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\"><br\/>Early Symptoms and Signs of Dementia<\/span><\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">Many associate dementia with memory problems, and often it is indeed memory that is affected first, especially in Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, which is the most common cause of dementia.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">However, the early symptoms of dementia are not the same for everyone. For some, it is language, for others, it is the ability to plan and maintain an overview that is first affected. In certain less common dementia diseases, changes in behaviour or personality can be among the first signs.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">The symptoms depend, among other things, on which cognitive functions are affected and which disease is causing the changes. <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">[1, 3, 4]<\/span><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\"><br\/>Memory Problems as an Early Sign of Dementia<\/span><\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">In Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, problems with episodic memory are often the first prominent symptom. Episodic memory enables us to recall personal experiences and events, such as what we did earlier in the day or what was said during a conversation.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">Early memory problems can manifest as the person repeating the same questions, forgetting recent conversations or appointments, or having difficulty remembering new information.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">It is characteristic that the difficulties primarily involve learning and recalling new information, while older memories may initially be better preserved. [1,3]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">However, ordinary forgetfulness is not the same as dementia. What can be a sign of dementia is particularly a clear and persistent change from the person&#8217;s previous memory function, which gradually affects daily life. [1, 2]<\/span><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\"><br\/>Language Difficulties Can Be Early Symptoms of Dementia<\/span><\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">For some people, the first symptoms of a dementia disease may manifest as language difficulties.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">This can include word-finding difficulties, where the person knows what they want to say but struggles to find the right words. This can lead to more frequent pauses in conversations, slower speech, or the need to describe an object instead of naming it.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">Others experience problems with word comprehension. The person may still speak relatively fluently but begins to have difficulty understanding the meaning of certain words, especially less common ones. It can also become more difficult to name objects or understand what individual words mean.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">For some, it becomes harder to formulate sentences. Speech may become slower and more strained, and grammatical errors or difficulties pronouncing words correctly may occur. [1,4]<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\"><b><br\/>Problems with Planning and Overview<\/b><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">The first symptoms of dementia can also manifest as problems with planning and overview.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">For example, the person may find it difficult to organise tasks that they previously managed without problems. It can become harder to manage finances, make decisions, or change plans if something unexpected happens.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">These difficulties can be due to an impairment of the brain&#8217;s executive functions. Executive functions are a collective term for the cognitive processes that enable us to plan, prioritise, and organise our actions, retain and process information, and adapt to new situations.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">In everyday life, this can manifest, for example, as the person losing track while cooking, finding it difficult to handle multiple tasks simultaneously, or struggling to complete an activity in the correct sequence.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">Tasks that were previously performed almost automatically may begin to require significantly more time and concentration.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">In some dementia diseases, executive functions can be affected early in the disease course, even if memory remains relatively well-preserved. This is seen, among others, in vascular cognitive impairment, frontotemporal dementia, and certain atypical forms of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease. [2, 4, 5]<\/span><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\"><br\/>Changes in Behaviour and Personality<\/span><\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">In some of the less common dementia diseases, the first symptoms can be changes in behaviour or personality.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">This is particularly seen in the behavioural variant of frontotemporal dementia, where the person may, for example, become more impulsive, make inappropriate comments, or show less understanding of others&#8217; feelings.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">Others become more passive, lose initiative, or interest in activities they previously enjoyed. Changes in eating habits or an increased tendency for repetitive and fixed actions may also occur.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">The crucial factor is that there is a clear change from the person&#8217;s previous behaviour and personality. In frontotemporal dementia, memory can be relatively preserved initially, even if behaviour has already changed significantly. [5]<\/span><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\"><br\/>Sadness, Low Mood, and Worry<\/span><\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">Some may experience sadness, low mood, or worry at the beginning of a dementia disease because they themselves notice that their cognitive functions are no longer as they used to be.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">They may find that tasks they previously managed without problems have become more difficult. This can create frustration, uncertainty, and worry about the future. Some try to hide their difficulties or withdraw from activities and social situations where they feel insecure.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">However, depressive symptoms can also be part of the disease picture and do not necessarily have to be solely a psychological reaction to experienced cognitive changes. At the same time, depression itself can lead to problems with memory, concentration, and initiative.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">Therefore, sadness and low mood are not specific signs of dementia, and the connection between depression and cognitive impairment can be complex. [1, 6]<\/span><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\"><br\/>When Should One Be Aware of the Symptoms?<\/span><\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">The individual symptoms do not in themselves mean dementia. Memory problems, difficulty concentrating, and problems with overview can also be caused by stress, depression, sleep problems, medication, or other illnesses, among other things.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">It is particularly relevant to be aware if there is a new and persistent change in the person&#8217;s cognitive functions that gradually becomes more pronounced or begins to affect daily life.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">The initial symptoms can vary, but common to dementia diseases is that disease processes in the brain lead to an impairment of cognitive functions, which eventually affects the person&#8217;s daily functioning.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">In case of persistent or increasing symptoms, it is relevant to contact your GP to clarify the cause<\/span><b><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">.<\/span><\/b><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; color: #215f9a; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #215F9A; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: 'lumm=75000 lumo=25000'; mso-ansi-language: DA;\"> <\/span><\/b><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; color: #215f9a; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #215F9A; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: 'lumm=75000 lumo=25000'; mso-ansi-language: DA;\"> <\/span><\/b><\/p><p><b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">References: <\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 16.0pt; line-height: 107%; color: #215f9a; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 191; mso-style-textfill-fill-color: #215F9A; mso-style-textfill-fill-themecolor: text2; mso-style-textfill-fill-alpha: 100.0%; mso-style-textfill-fill-colortransforms: 'lumm=75000 lumo=25000'; mso-ansi-language: DA;\"><br\/><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">1. Atri A, Dickerson BC, Clevenger C, et al. <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">(2025). The Alzheimer&#8217;s Association clinical practice guideline for the Diagnostic Evaluation, Testing, Counseling, and Disclosure of Suspected Alzheimer&#8217;s Disease and Related Disorders (DETeCD-ADRD): Executive summary of recommendations for primary care.<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">2. Swartz RH et al. (2025).Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Vascular cognitive impairment, 7th edition practice guidelines update, 2024.<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">3. Alzheimer&#8217;s Association (2024). 2024 Alzheimer&#8217;s disease facts and figures.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">4. Jones D, Pelak V, Rogalski E (2024). <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">Atypical Presentations of Alzheimer Disease. <\/span><\/p> <p><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: DA;\">5. Piguet O, Clarke AJ, Foxe D, et al. <\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">(2025). Fourteen years later: Reviewing the diagnostic criteria for behavioral-variant frontotemporal dementia.<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;\">6. Shinagawa S, Nagata T. (2026). Toward Precision Neuropsychiatry of Dementia: Neuropsychiatric Symptoms as Multidimensional Clinical Phenotypes.<\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"> <\/span><\/p><p><span lang=\"EN-US\" style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 107%;\"> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1261032952\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1261032952\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-d0e8aea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0e8aea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d7292a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9d7292a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b341d44 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b341d44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 style=\"font-family:inherit;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;margin:1.6em 0 .5em;color:inherit\">CE Approval<\/h2><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">TPS treatment is CE-approved for the treatment of Alzheimer&#8217;s dementia.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">CE approval means that the TPS device complies with EU legal requirements for medical devices. This includes requirements for safety, that the device functions as intended, and can be used for the medical purpose for which it was developed. Furthermore, there are requirements for sufficient documentation from investigations and studies showing that the device functions as intended and is safe to use.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">CE approval is a lengthy process and requires extensive documentation.<\/span><\/p><h2 style=\"font-family:inherit;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;margin:1.6em 0 .5em;color:inherit\">How TPS Works<\/h2><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">The mechanisms of action for Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) treatment are presumed to be that the pulses stimulate a range of cellular signalling processes in the brain, which can lead to biological changes in the brain such as improved communication and information transmission between brain cells, increased production of growth factors crucial for nerve cell development, function, and survival, as well as stimulation of processes that can promote the formation of new blood vessels and increase blood flow.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">All processes that together can help improve brain function by strengthening the mutual communication of nerve cells and the brain&#8217;s ability to adapt and form new connections.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">The earlier one is in the disease course, the more nerve cells and neuronal networks are typically preserved. Therefore, it is biologically plausible to assume that early treatment could potentially provide better conditions for a noticeable effect. However, this has not yet been documented in clinical comparative studies.<\/span><\/p><h2 style=\"font-family:inherit;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;margin:1.6em 0 .5em;color:inherit\">Why is TPS CE-approved specifically for Alzheimer&#8217;s disease?<\/h2><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">To obtain CE approval for the treatment of a specific condition, a series of comprehensive requirements must be met, including sufficient clinical documentation of the treatment&#8217;s safety and performance. This requires, among other things, studies with a sufficient number of patients for the results to be scientifically evaluated.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Alzheimer&#8217;s disease is the most common cause of dementia, accounting for approximately 60% of all dementia cases.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Intensive research is being conducted into the use of TPS for other neurological and psychiatric conditions; for example, an approval process is underway for TPS treatment of depression. Depending on the disease, the relevant areas of the brain for that particular disease are stimulated.<\/span><\/p><h2 style=\"font-family:inherit;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;margin:1.6em 0 .5em;color:inherit\">What about patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)?<\/h2><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">MCI = Mild Cognitive Impairment \u2013 is a condition where one experiences cognitive difficulties, for example with memory, where the symptoms are more pronounced than expected for the age, but are not yet so pronounced that the criteria for dementia are met.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">MCI can develop in three directions;<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">For some, cognitive difficulties will gradually worsen and develop into dementia, for others, the condition remains stable for several years, while a third group experiences an improvement in cognitive functions, returning to the normal range.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">A large meta-analysis from 2025 (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40078377\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"Salemme et al., 2025 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">Salemme et al., 2025<\/a>) comprising 89 studies showed that approximately 50% of individuals with MCI remained cognitively stable, while about 25% developed dementia, and approximately 25% became cognitively age-appropriate again. The average follow-up period was 5.2 years.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Patients with MCI are particularly interesting in relation to TPS treatment. Based on the presumed mechanisms of action, it can be imagined that the brain at this point has better conditions to respond to stimulation because more nerve cells and connections between them are still preserved.<\/span><\/p><h2 style=\"font-family:inherit;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;margin:1.6em 0 .5em;color:inherit\">What does TPS research show about Alzheimer&#8217;s dementia and mild cognitive impairment?<\/h2><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Clinical studies have shown statistically significant improvements in cognitive functions after TPS treatment in patients with Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, including in tests of memory, language, and the general ability to think and process information. A meta-analysis from 2025, which compiled results from several studies, also found statistically significant improvements in overall cognitive test results (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/41295447\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"Polte et al., 2025 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">Polte et al., 2025<\/a>).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">A larger network meta-analysis from 2026 of various forms of brain stimulation also found statistically significant positive results for TPS compared to placebo on tests of general cognitive functions and language (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/42798437\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"Liu et al., 2026 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">Liu et al., 2026<\/a>).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">TPS has been investigated at different stages of Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, and remarkably, improvements have also been observed in patients with more advanced disease (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36188380\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"Cont et al., 2022 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">Cont et al., 2022<\/a>). However, there are still too few studies to say anything more precise about whether the treatment effect varies between different stages of the disease.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Studies with TPS in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have shown statistically significant improvements in memory, attention, and language, among other things (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37607114\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"Fong et al., 2023 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">Fong et al., 2023<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39335594\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"Lo et al., 2024 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">Lo et al., 2024<\/a>). It is particularly interesting that researchers have also demonstrated changes in the brain&#8217;s functional networks after treatment, suggesting that TPS can strengthen the interaction between different areas of the brain and thus improve the brain&#8217;s ability to process and remember information (<a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39335594\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"Lo et al., 2024 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">Lo et al., 2024<\/a>).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Overall, the studies show promising results in both Alzheimer&#8217;s disease and MCI. It is particularly interesting that improvements have also been observed in patients with more advanced Alzheimer&#8217;s disease, which suggests that TPS may also have treatment potential later in the disease course.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">From a neurobiological perspective, it is biologically plausible that early treatment could be particularly advantageous because, at this early stage, the brain generally has more preserved nerve cells and neural connections, whereby the brain is presumed to have better conditions to respond positively to TPS stimulation.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">However, it has not yet been documented whether patients with MCI benefit more from the treatment than patients with established dementia.<\/span><\/p><h2 style=\"font-family:inherit;font-size:14pt;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;margin:1.6em 0 .5em;color:inherit\">References<\/h2><ul style=\"list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0\"><li style=\"margin:0 0 .8em\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Beisteiner et al. (2020). Transcranial Pulse Stimulation with Ultrasound in Alzheimer&#8217;s Disease\u2014A New Navigated Focal Brain Therapy. Advanced Science. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32042569\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"PubMed 32042569 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">PubMed 32042569<\/a><\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin:0 0 .8em\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Cont et al. (2022). Retrospective real-world pilot data on transcranial pulse stimulation in mild to severe Alzheimer&#8217;s patients. Frontiers in Neurology. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36188380\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"PubMed 36188380 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">PubMed 36188380<\/a><\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin:0 0 .8em\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Fong et al. (2023). Transcranial pulse stimulation in the treatment of mild neurocognitive disorders. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37607114\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"PubMed 37607114 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">PubMed 37607114<\/a><\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin:0 0 .8em\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Lo et al. (2024). Enhanced Cognition and Modulation of Brain Connectivity in Mild Neurocognitive Disorder: The Promise of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation. Biomedicines. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39335594\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"PubMed 39335594 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">PubMed 39335594<\/a><\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin:0 0 .8em\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Matt et al. (2025). Ultrasound Neuromodulation With Transcranial Pulse Stimulation in Alzheimer Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Network Open. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40009384\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"PubMed 40009384 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">PubMed 40009384<\/a><\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin:0 0 .8em\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Salemme et al. (2025). The prognosis of mild cognitive impairment: A systematic review and meta-analysis. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/40078377\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"PubMed 40078377 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">PubMed 40078377<\/a><\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin:0 0 .8em\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Polte et al. (2025). Neuromodulatory Effects of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) in Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neurology International. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/41295447\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"PubMed 41295447 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">PubMed 41295447<\/a><\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin:0 0 .8em\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Liu et al. (2026). Comparative efficacy of neuromodulation techniques for Alzheimer&#8217;s disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Neuroscience. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/42798437\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"PubMed 42798437 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">PubMed 42798437<\/a><\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin:0 0 .8em\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Abdellatif et al. (2026). Focused and unfocused transcranial ultrasound stimulation in Alzheimer&#8217;s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/41981348\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"PubMed 41981348 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">PubMed 41981348<\/a><\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin:0 0 .8em\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Matt et al. (2026). Transcranial Pulse Stimulation Enhances Dexterity in Parkinson&#8217;s Disease: A Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial. Movement Disorders. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/42222994\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"PubMed 42222994 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">PubMed 42222994<\/a><\/span><\/li><li style=\"margin:0 0 .8em\"><span style=\"font-size:14pt;line-height:107%\">Qin et al. (2026). Prefrontal Transcranial Pulse Stimulation for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Network Open. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/42406402\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" style=\"text-decoration:underline\" aria-label=\"PubMed 42406402 p\u00e5 PubMed (\u00e5bner i nyt faneblad)\">PubMed 42406402<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is Dementia TPS: CE Approval and What the Research Shows Dementia is an umbrella term for conditions where brain disease leads to an impairment of cognitive (= mental) functions to such an extent that it affects daily functioning. Therefore, when we talk about dementia, we are not referring to one specific disease. Dementia encompasses [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1713","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/demensklinik.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1713","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/demensklinik.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/demensklinik.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demensklinik.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/demensklinik.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1713"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/demensklinik.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1713\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1715,"href":"https:\/\/demensklinik.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1713\/revisions\/1715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/demensklinik.dk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1713"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}